Peter Weir witness Essay Example for Free

Peter Weir witness EssayPeter Weir uses contrast to interrogate the concerns of contemporary monastic order. Discuss with close reference to the film Witness. The film witness tell by peter weir raises hesitancys about the concerns of contemporary society. These issues are exposed through the use of film techniques which convey contrast as two cultures clash. The audience is challenged to interrogative mood these ideas the opposing concept of individualism versus a understanding of community the use and abuse of power along with honesty and loyalty as opposed to knavery and disloyalty forbidden love and the obstacle of two varying cultures co-existing. The substance of the film highlights the concern of individualism contrasted to a sense of community. An example of individual greed is encapsulated in the identification facial expression where Samuel recognizes the killers image (McFee) within the trophy cabinet where he is displayed as a hero. Amidst the diegetic sound of the police station the television camera pans to the cabinet. An extreme close up of Samuels eyes along with thought provoking music suggests his realization that McFee is the murderer. The point of view shots the zooming in on McFees face and the non-diegetic sound forces the viewer to query his honour. The audience has viewed McFee as a killer who appeared in the bathroom washing his hands in a relaxed port and saying casually Im just washing my hands man suggests that his malicious nature is a part if his everyday life.This individual sense of greed and self-interest in contemporary society is compared throughout the film with the sense of community and generosity of the more traditional Amish culture. The barn raising scene captures this idea effectively as it portrays the community working together for a common cause. The harmonious music the wide angle shots the cheerful facial expressions and organic structure language and uniform costumes highlight their equality and sen se of belonging to one group.The vertical panning shot of Daniel sharing a drink with Book demonstrates the farmers selflessness although he is in competition with Book for Rachels affection. This contrast interrogates concerns of self-interest with contemporary society challenging the viewers perception of these cultures. on that point is alike a contrast between how power is used within the cultures. Abuse of power is clearly evident with Schaeffer as he is ever so shown as a loyal husband and family man which challenges theaudience to question what is actually an illusion to this representation of character.This characterisation is overturned when Book phones Schaeffer and says lost the meaning did you Paul? telephone what you used to say, about dirty cops, somewhere along the way they lost the meaning. This forces the audience to interrogate the power of an individual such as Schaeffer.There is an illusion created within the film that the English society has power over the A mish society. This is evident in the penultimate scene final conflict when Schaeffer and McFee go into the Amish society to arrest/kill Book. Schaeffer and McFee bring along weapons as they believe that is enough to take cut back Book and the Amish community. A mis-en-scene with a low angle shot, meritless colours and suspenseful music of Schaeffer and McFee walking on the road positions the audience to believe that the English have power and that they are going to take down the Amish community.But this is contradicted when Samuel rings the bell and a long shot is used to show the Amish people stop, put down everything and run over to help. Schaeffer is defeated by the amount of people working together this allows the audience to question how power is used in contemporary society. Although the Amish society appears to lead a passive modus vivendi and weak as they are without weapons they are still shown to have power. This is evident when they are travelling in the horse buggy as they are always shown in a low angle shot portraying that they have power and arent below contemporary society.This highlights the contrast that Peter Weir used to question the concern of power in contemporary society. Weir over again uses contrast to interrogate the concern of forbidden love within contemporary society. The Dancing in the barn scene conveys this idea.The music playing is ironic as it says I dont know more than about because Book doesnt know much about Rachel and the Amish community. Rachels hat is missing which indicates she is moving away from the Amish culture. Book dances with Rachel and this creates sexual tension but avoids eye contact as he value her culture and doesnt want to disrupt it which creates awkwardness. The Rachel washing scene also expresses this idea as Book avoid eye contact again and rejects making love with Rachel. The next day Book goes up to the hen house that Rachel is in. In front of Book there is a screen door which is typic of abarri er of their forbidden love says to Rachel If we made love last night I would have to say or you would have to leave this again shows that Book respects Rachels culture.The two worlds truly merge when book prepares to leave. There is a close up of bonnet as it is placed on the t fitted by Rachel symbolising again that she is letting go and wants to be with Book. But this inability for the two communities to co-exist is symbolised also through contrastive scenes of the bird house. Early in the film and on Books leaving as Book is first impeding on the Amish community break of the bird house, then Book rebuilds the damage that he has cause fixing of the bird house, then restores everything back to normality puts bird house back in place.This forces the audience to interrogate whether these two societies will ever be able to merge together. In conclusion though the film witness Peter Weir is able to interrogate the audience by contrasting the concerns of individualism versus commun ity, the use and abuse of power and forbidden love in contemporary society.

Southwest Airlines Essay Example for Free

southwesterly Airlines EssayBackground SummarySouthwest Airlines based in Dallas was founded in 1967 by Rollin King and Herb Kelleher. It is virtuoso of the major home(prenominal) airliners which provides carrier and transportation service. This come with has 35,499 employees and it runs over 500 Boeing 737 aircraft in 67 cities in the US. Southwests principal values are Providing low-fare and short haul service.Offering the highest quality of customer service.Putting a lot of importance on the fair treatment to its customers. Building friendly relationship between its customers and employees. Southwest Airlines has achieved a great position in the airline industry by adopting five dollar bill important strategies. First, using the minor league airports which have helped the company to squinch traffic delays and growth passenger convenience. stake, flying one kind of aircraft has helped it to achieve lower training cost. Third, reducing turn-around time by using point-to -point dodge, has avoided the use of change reservation process system. Forth, not offering assigned seating and advantageous treatment on denounce fliers, has led the company to have better tag end price. Lastly, emphasis on building good relationship between passengers and attendants has been a well valuable factor.Southwest uses a different kind of riposte programs. For instance, the reward for shit fliers includes free flights according to the number of flights which means if you fly eight round trips or sixteen one way trips, you bequeath get one free round trip ticket. In addition the company offers free drink coupons, toll-free reservations phone numbers, and credit with a preferred partner, which means if you reach l round trips in a year, you can designate one person to travel with you for one year.Southwest Airlines main competitors are Continental Airlines, USAir ways, Delta, get together airlines, and American Airlines. As you can see in the table below, the cu rrent days have been really challenging for the industry. However Southwest has been able to augment its operating revenues.Southwest decided to go public in 1977 with the ticker symbol LUV. The company gained $11,023 million in 2008, and today its stock price reaches $9.83. Its strategy as an egalitarian company has let the company achieve success. However some patronize passengers have raised some questions about the policy of avoiding preferential treatment for its loyal customers.Major problemThe Southwest Airlines major problem is the threat to lose some of its public customers. The case illustrates two opposite kinds of frequent passengersThe first one is William Mark, who loves almost everything that Southwest provides such as the opportunity to come earlier and have a great seat, the absence of meals, and the ticket prices. The separate one is Liz Bast, who loves the policy of using minor league airports, but has complaints related to the ways of seat assignment, the rul es about upgrading restricted tickets, and she wishes to have preferential treatment, especially because she locomote more than 100.000 miles per year. The customers like Liz Bast tycoon be looking for some other airliner company. Therefore, Southwest needs to figure out one strategy which helps to avoid this problem.lend FactorsThe threat to lose some of Southwests frequent customers is caused by five factors Recheck-in baggage Passengers with connected flight who are going to switch to another airline have to pick up their checked baggage and recheck-in with the next airline. No assigned seat for passengers Southwest used first-come first-served system in seats assignment, which means people who arrived first will get the better seats. This is an issue because passengers index easily change their preferences and fly with other airlines. For example, Liz Bast is a frequent customer of Southwest Airlines, but because she is always busy she comes late to her flights and the comp any cannot offer her the seat she wanted. Lizs problem will be solved if she could sustain a specific seat and this service is not valid at Southwest Airlines.Rewards count on trips number there is no credit stipulation to passengers on how many miles they flew, but free flights are offered according to the number of trips taken. Therefore, customers could charter Southwest Airlines for only short flights because the length of flight is not a factor in the company reward system. Restricted fare tickets Passengers with restricted fare tickets cannot use their tickets if they missed the flight without paying the difference even if they werefrequent customers. This strict policy gives the customers a feeling that the company does not value their business. High competition in the industry 2001 was so difficult for airlines industry, the Southwests competitors might be thinking of attracting its loyal customers for their benefits. usefulnesss and Disadvantages of Potential SolutionsFi rst SolutionSouthwest Airlines makes an advertisement campaign, which emphasizes not only its low fare but in like manner high quality customer service.AdvantagesIt will help increase the companys image and awareness.If the company construct a good advertisement campaign, it will increase its sales and that will lead to increase the companys revenue It will be a good communication tool for the company to reach out to its costumers and let them know about the companys value.DisadvantageThe campaign might increase sales, but it would not give what frequent customers really want. The campaign will be costly and it is possible for Southwest to spend a fortune on it and get a little profit.Second SolutionSouthwest changes its policies on seat assignment and ticket restrictions in two ways By paying $25 extra fee, the customers can choose their seat. For frequent customers, who have flown more than five times per year, there will be no charge on their restricted fare tickets if they miss their flight.AdvantageUsing this strategy we think that Southwest might retain costumers who expected to be treated with some priorities or differentiation. Likewise, we consider that with this strategy the company might increase its incomes, and also attract some clients of its competitors.DisadvantageThe company identity will be changed from an egalitarian company to a privilege one. Therefore, this policy might confuse clients about what thereal target is.RecommendationWe suggest the import theme, which is to change the companys policies on seat assignment and ticket restrictions, for five reasons First, the main problem will be solved by giving clients, such as Liz Bast, the opportunity to decide their seats with extra fee. In addition, this solution will keep the companys customers more satisfied and at the same time increasing their loyalty. Second, solution number two will increase the companys revenues. According to The Wall Street Journal1, by receiving extra fee on assi gning seats, Southwest could add seven hundred fifty million dollars ($750.000.000) in its year revenues. Third, if you take a look at first solution, you can see that it will increase the awareness of the company products, offers, and ratify the companys image.However, it will bring more costs to the company by spending more money on its advertising campaign Forth, it is a long-term solution. By giving an advantage to the customers who make their reservation earlier, Southwest will strengthen its position among competitors, and the major problem will be solved. Finally, with the second solution, Southwest airlines should focus more on its customers reward system and improve it. Moreover, in a very competitive sector where Southwest operates, it must commit on customers loyalty and with such reward system it should attract more customers.

An Overview Of Indian Bank Base Rates Finance Essay

An Overview Of Indian Bank suitcase respects Finance Es reciteAbstractThe root word deals about the issues arising out of implementing menage rate for Indian banks. With effect from July 1st, 2010, all banks are supposed to lend at root word rate or lower limit level of involvement rate to customers. The net impact of this for retail customer impart not be often as address of funds for banks are not leaving to change much and cost of funds de preconditionine base rate. Big corporates will be biggest losers as they had advantage of getting loans at sub-base rates. Biggest gainers will be small and medium firms who were getting raw deal earlier from banks. Banks may lose market share in short stipulation plainly there is going to be greater transparency and trickling down of policies made by RBI crossways banks refer equal to(p) to base-rate system. Game theory has been utilize to explain the base rate transition scenario in the paper.Keywords- grounding Rate, Private Bank, BPLR, Game Theory, Net Income Margin(NIM)Biographical Notes- Debasis Kumar Dash is a post Graduate from IIT Madras in field in Micro-electronics and VLSI. He is currently doing his MBA from IIM Kozhikode with Majors in finance. His major areas of interest are financial derivatives, Valuation models, risk management and banking arena. He has undertaken several(prenominal) finance projects in field of risk management, corporate finance and financial service. He worked as an intern in KPMG Global Services where he developed a model for Customer acquisition strategy for a financial services firmIntroductionThe base rate will be the overbold reference rate for determining lending rates for banks, and will be implemented three months later than earlier planned. It was implemented from July 1 across banks in India.What is the base rate-If you borrow bills to buy a Mercedes car or computer or plush bungalow in Mumbai suburbs, you need to pay interest rate that you hold to pay to the lender. The base rate is the minimum rate that a bank will offer money at. It is like a understructure below which RBI will not allow banks to lend to you.Previously, banks used to give the loans based on a complex system called benchmark base lending rate (BPLR). Each bank has its own BPLR calculation system which made it difficult for borrowers to compare rates across banks.Why viewpoint Rate Was Introduced-Banks in India charge their largest corporate borrowers less than published prime rates, which they cannot do on new loans from July 1st,2010.The RBI had expressed concern over banks offer short loans well below their prime rates to companies and mortgage borrowers. Similar pattern had given rise to Sub-prime crisis in 2008 which had led to financial downturn. Due to competition, banks have been offering loans to first class borrowers with high reference work rating at rates much below the BPLR in a non-transparent style.Banks were charging high rates from small bor rowers in the retail, small business and agriculture segments. This resulted in cross- subsidization.RBI has been concerned about the lack of transparency in BPLR setting. There have been cases when SMEs faced discrimination due to computer address policies of Private Banks.Trend has been whenever RBI raises policy rates and reserve ratios, banks are quick to profit their loan rates. But, when RBI reduces policy rates and reserve ratios, banks do very slowly. This leads to downward stickiness in rates. It adversely impacts the monetary transmission mechanism in the banking system.One important aspect also is BPLR was set on historic market rates. It was backward looking rather than forward looking. It was not able to capture the present market condition and interest rates. Cost of Deposits prevalent in current market scenario was neglected in fixing the rate.Standardization of rates was another issue for RBI .The 3 major players in Banking Industry in India are- Public Banks, Pri vate Banks and Foreign Banks. The Public banks were lending in commence of 11-12 %, backstage players were lending at 14-17% whereas foreign banks used to lend in the range of 14-16%. Now major corporates were still prefering private banks due to disclose customer service, credit policies and sub-prime lending for big projects.One huge reason with the introduction of BRS as explained by experts is that it will help the Reserve Bank of India to transfer the changes in policy rates (Repo and Reverse Repo under LAF) in a better manner to banks. Under the BPLR, monetary policy transmission is weak due to lack of transparency. This has been detailed out elaborately by Deepak Mohanty Committees Report. Now, with the BRS, RBI expects that banks will respond directly to RBIs policy ratesBase Rate Implementation and Impacts-After the implementation of the new loan pricing system, be borrowers would continue to pay at existing rates, while the base rate would apply to new customers.The a ctual lending rate charged to borrowers would be the base rate+ borrower-specific charges including operating costs, according to bill of exchange guidelines on the RBI website. The base rate will be more transparent in so far as it will be a function of the banks costs on its capital (or cost of deposits), operating costs, statutory requirements (CRR, SLR etc), credit-risk of the borrower, and the allowable profit margin. The graphs below give trends across the various players in banking sector with respect to cost associated with deposits.Fig-1- Variation of Cost of DepositsFig 2- Variation of Cost of FundsThe trend clearly shows that Cost of deposits is highest for old private banks. Thus by logic, the base rate should be highest for these banks. Similarly, the base rate can be expected to be low for foreign and public banks.The biggest impact is that the new Base Rates from private banks may be lower than the existing Benchmark Prime Lending Rates (BPLR). Due to heavy competiti on in the industry, roughly aggressive public banks, whose cost of deposits/funds is lower compared to industry levels, may peg their Base Rates very low. However the RBI Governor as well as several Banks heads are of the opinion that base rate is not going to vary much for retail customers from BPLR.The following graphs show the base rate, BPLR and differences in the midst of the rates for the 3 major players.Fig-3- Variation of Rates across Private BanksFig-4- Variation of Rates across Public BanksFig-5- Variation of Rates across Foreign Banks effect on BanksThe major categories of Banks mentioned above are expected to be expected in different ways. The graphs shown above indicate that the difference between BPLR and Base rate is maximum for Private banks. Clearly they are at a loss compared to Public and foreign Banks. The problem for private banks is their high cost of Funds and Deposits. So ideally their base rates should be higher compared to Public banks. But if they would have set base rates higher, it would have resulted in loss of customers. So the Net Interest Margin(NIM) for private banks will be affected in short term. The biggest gainers definitely are foreign banks who have the least(prenominal) difference between BPLR and Base rate. Customer attrition should be at a minimum for these banks as change is not significant. Public Banks normally have lower cost of funds and thus can afford low base rates. There is not much change in NIM expected for them due to changing rates.Private Banks can cut competition by offering premium service levels. They can attract corporates by offering value added services and concessions. The other strategy can be to give priority to clients who are financing for projects for national importance and concessions to pay in smaller installments for longer duration.Effects of Base-Rate Loans for Customers-Let us see three major players in customer segment- Retail, Corporate and SME .The critical thing is interest rate s are not going to change much for retail customer. The method of calculating interest rates will be clearer to a retail customer but not much effect on EMI for a retail customer. There will not be much impact on banks interest spreads. Banks will have flexibleness in controlling loan-pricing elements, like credit risks premium and product specific operating costs. As per various analysis done by experts, Cost of get for Retail customer may decrease in short term but not significantly.Large private corporates will be biggest losers in this process. They were able to get away with sub-prime lending rates in the past due to higher negotiating skills. But with BRS, the corporate might have to go for Bond markets in short term. The other alternatives before them are ECB which have lower borrowing costs. Use of Commercial paper has shown significant growth in the first eviscerate of this year. It clearly indicates banks losing high networth customers to cheaper sources of finance. Long term impact will be that higher rating companies will have more negotiating power.Let us say Bank A offered loans at 6% previously to Corporates. Now base rate becomes 7.5%. So they now cant be given short term loans below say 8% for a period of 2 years. Previous loans which were given before base rate stays. Now say in money market, CP( Commercial Paper) is being offered at rates of 6.5%. So big corporates will move towards debt market. It will result in loss of market share and credit loans for banks. It will also lead to intense competition.SMEs will be biggest beneficiaries of this project. SMEs will be better compensated than before. They were getting short-changed because of better deals for big corporates. Now they will be willing to go to banks for getting loans. As SMEs form substantial market, so market share of banks will increase.Game Theory Applied to Base Rate Implementation-Below are Payoff Matrix applied to 3 categories of Bank and 3 categories of Customer.1.Custome rRetailCorporateSMEBPLR10,810,1010,5Public BankBase10,98,58,10The retail customer is having higher payoff but it is not significant. SMEs are largest beneficiary. Corporates are leaving public bank, thus payoff of banks decreasing whereas big base rate means lesser payoff for corporate.2.CustomerRetailCorporateSMEBPLR10,810,1010,5Private BankBase8,95,55,10The retail customer is having higher payoff but it is not huge. Significantly, there is lower payoff for Private banks due to high cost of funds and rising competition from debt market. SMEs are largest beneficiary. Corporates are looking for alternatives to higher base rate , thus payoff of corporate decreases.3.CustomerRetailCorporateSMEBPLR10,810,1010,5Foreign BankBase10,107,710,5The retail customer and SME are not affected.SME are not big market-share holders of foreign banks and hence do not affect payoff. Corporates are leaving foreign bank, thus payoff of banks decreasing whereas larger base rate means lesser payoff for cor porate who are staying with public banks. The decrease however is not as significant as of private banks due to reasons explained earlier in the paper.Main advantages of Base rate syatem-Greater control for RBI in transferring effects of Repo rates to banksMore transparency for customers in knowing about base rate as it is based on cost of funds.Stoppage of sub-prime loans to bigger corporate.Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) may get better rates. The SMEs and small borrowers are subsidizing the corporate loans.Deregulation of interest rates as banks will stop lending at lower rates to loans below Rs 2 lakhs. RBI has given freedom to banks to charge commercial rates for loans below Rs 2 lakh at rates linked to base rate. With this, RBI wants to increase the credit flow to small borrowers.Increase in liquidity of banks. As loans are not doled out on sub-prime rates, more money is left with banks. terminusBanks have to adjust to new system as quickly as possible. Cost of funds will play huge role in close of base rates. Banks also need to look into new avenues for service quality in order to retain old customers. Old private banks face slopped competition from foreign and public banks. The need of hour for bank is product innovation and better customer service to differentiate itself from the rest of banks.

Analysis of HMs Vietnam Expansion

Analysis of HMs Vietnam ExpansionHM is a Swedish multinational clothing retail store that caters to young adults and children. Since its inception, the brand has evolved to include accessories, footwear, cosmetics and home furnishings. HM is one of the top retail stores in the world and has positioned itself as a low cost- quality clothing supplier. HM and its competitors occupy a niche segment of the retail clothing labor known as fast-fashion, characterized by the competency to see consumers who demand the most up-to-date styles at an affordable price. Retailers must meet several specific guest expectations to remain competitive in this segment, as well as maintain a highly competent intragroup operation to meet the requirements of the constancy.HMs intricacy into Vietnam is part of the companys larger overall global expansion strategy to open stores with a target of 10-15% sales harvest coupled with an introduction of online retail to emerging and unexploited retail mark ets (HM Group, 2016). Vietnam has seen recent increased growth in outside direct investment and expanding retail market. Consumers in Vietnam have a demand for large Western brands and have increased disposable income to authorize in the market(Deloitte, 2014). In Vietnam, barriers to entry remain low for HM and other manufacture competitors. HM and other impertinent retailers have the capability of opening their sign retail spaces in Vietnam without extreme difficulty (Deloitte, 2014). In 2016, Zara, HMs largest competitor opened a retail store in Ho Chi Minh City preindication an increase in inappropriate retail investment in the country (Zara Enters Vietnam, 2016). It appears that the landscape in Vietnam is changing in the favor of strange retail firms and governance policies are being shaped to attract more foreign investors.Industry Requirements and ExpectationsHM and its competitors occupy a niche segment of the retail clothing industry known as fast-fashion, chara cterized by the ability to serve consumers who demand the most up-to-date styles at an affordable price. Retailers must meet several specific customer expectations to remain competitive in this segment, as well as maintain a highly efficient internal operation to meet the requirements of the industry.Expectations within the fast-fashion industry have become increasingly more customer-focused and demanding with the success of retailers such as HM, Zara, and Forever 21. Because the industrys core market is highly sensitive to changes in trends and seasonality, retailers need a keen awareness of the fashion landscape to proactively update their inventory at locations worldwide. Successful players in the industry must also have an in-depth understanding of the local anesthetic markets of their varying locations to serve their customers specific tastes. Fast-fashions most dedicated consumers also depend on the affordability that retailers offer to allow them to keep their wardrobes stock ed with the latest styles.Highly efficient grant chain management is the cornerstone of the fast-fashion industry, and is the key requirement for any retailers success. Demands for rapid turnover and affordable prices hinge on the retailers ability to keep internal costs to a minimum to avoid passing on costs to the consumers. The industry requires retailers to keep an extremely low product life cycle (PLC), which is typically achieved through the combination of a just-in-time inventory system and a strategic distribution and fulfillment network within the countries of operation.Location is also a unfavorable requirement when operating in fast-fashion, both for retail stores and proximity to distribution centers. In order to capitalize on the benefit of operating within this industry retailers must secure locations for their retail stores that are both highly visible and densely populated, while distribution and fulfillment centers require central location to serve the maximum num ber of retail locations as quickly as possible.Low Trade BarriersIn 1986, Vietnam created an open-door policy with reforms in three essential areas i) the right to foreign trade, ii) trade instruments and policies iii) liberalization of foreign trade. Since then, the Vietnamese economy has been emergence at a rapid pace.Since Vietnams inception in WTO in 2001, Vietnam removed many non-tariff barriers including quantifiable travails on imports, quotas, bans, permit requirements and licensing requirements. (U.S. Department of State, 2014). However, there are still some existing industry specific trade barriers in Vietnam. For example, price stabilization and restriction is implemented by the Vietnamese establishment when prices are too high or low for essential goods. Other examples of trade barriers include import taxes on automated products and services, permits on foreign investment in cinema construction only through local joint ventures and land use rights. Vietnamese land, a property of the state, cannot be owned by investors nor any Vietnamese nationals (U.S. Department of State, 2014).To HMs advantage, the retail industry in Vietnam has very few trade barriers and restrictions for foreign investment. Thus, being one of the fastest growing countries in the ASEAN economy along with liberal retail policies, Vietnam is an obvious country of interest for EU business expansion. The countrys openness to foreign investment has been the cause of many trade reforms and lower trade barriers. For example, Vietnam provides investment incentives to foreign investors such as exemption from import taxes on necessary materials compulsory for manufacturing that cannot be found in Vietnam.Policies supporting FDI in VietnamSince November 1, 2015, Vietnam has allowed foreign retailers to set up 100 percent foreign-owned enterprises under its commitments to the World Trade Organization. This gives them access to supply sources and ideal business locations to operate fro m. Most international brands are opening stores in Vietnam through franchising or the granting of rights to a local partner, as franchisees are needed to have a zero-loss business record and must be able to present their business development plan to the franchisor during the bidding process, which increases the likelihood of success for foreign investors in Vietnam. (VN Express Retail market share,2016). These policies make expanding to Vietnam attractive for HM. Franchising their retail stores in Vietnam is safer for HM now because of these policies.FDIAs Vietnam is becoming increasingly accessible to foreign investments, FDI inflows have seen a steady and strong increase over the previous years. In 2016, FDI inflows climbed to US$24.4 billion with a 9% increase from 2015. Out of these, US$15.1 billion flew to 2,556 newly registered projects, US$5.76 billion came from 1,225 existing projects adding to their capital, and US$3.4 billion flew in from foreign investors purchasing sta kes in 2,547 companies. Vietnams rapid pace of integrating into global commerce is likely to yield great opportunities for foreign investors. So, this is the right time for HM to invest and expand into Vietnam. (Vietnams FDI Outlook for 2016)In January 2017, foreign investors invested in 16 sectors in Vietnam, out of which Wholesale and retail ranked third with total registered capital of US$ 88.75 million, accounting for 5.6% of the total foreign direct investment. coition high investment in Wholesale and Retail market bodes well for HM. HM is planning to open up its first retail shop in Ho Chi Minh City, where FDI investments are high. (Ministry of planning and investing of Vietnam, 2017)Vietnams retail industry has witnessed healthy growth rates of 8 10 percent annually in recent years. To continue, the industry is forecasted to reach $109 billion by 2017. With the population of more than 90 million, Vietnams retail market is growing rapidly, making it highly attractive for f oreign investors. The country is currently ranked top 5 and 11 in Asia and globally respectively in terms of retail growth. (VN Express Vietnams rapidly growing retail Industry, 2016)Ease of doing businessThe countrys ease of doing business while still leaving room for improvement is developing, Vietnam ranked 82nd out of 190 countries, up cabaret positions from 2016. Government of Vietnam is actively privatizing its state-owned enterprises (SOEs) on top of its trade agreements and foreign direct investment policies. Since 2015, nearly 170 companies have been privatized and this trend will continue in the coming years. This creates many opportunities for foreign investors. (Vinkenborg, M. (2017). Vietnam in 2017 Spotting opportunities for FDI)Policies restricting FDI in VietnamOne complication for FDI in Vietnam is Vietnamese authorities have different definitions of a foreign invested enterprise. In practice the level of foreign investment that qualifies an entity as foreign dif fers from province to province. Unlike other countries in the region, such as china or some of the other ASEAN member states, Vietnam does not maintain a forbid List of industries with foreign equity ownership caps. (Restrictions on Foreign get hold of Investment in Vietnam, 2015)With the enactment of the Law on Investment and the Law on Enterprises however, the country is moving in the direction of such a Negative List system. The two laws, in addition to various other laws and regulations are applicable to industries that are termed conditional. When investing in conditional industries, the government examines the investment intent and may choose to impose additional requirements. Distribution sector such as retail is considered conditional in Vietnam and may prone to additional requirements from government of Vietnam. (Restrictions on Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam, 2015)Works CitedDeloitte (2014). Retail in Vietnam. Retrievedhttp//www.iberglobal.com/files/2016/vietnam_ retail.pdfHong, A. (2016). Vietnams rapidly growing retail industry partially offsets economic slowdown.Retrievedhttp//e.vnexpress.net/ intelligence agency/business/vietnam-s-rapidly-growing-retail-industry-partially-offsets-economic-slowdown-3448240.htmlHM Group. Retrieved https//about.hm.com/en/about-us/markets-and-expansion.htmlIndiaretailing Bureau. Retrievedhttp//www.indiaretailing.com/2016/09/27/fashion/zara-enters-vietnam-first-store-vincom-center/Ministry of Planning and Investment. (2017). Retrievedhttp//www.mpi.gov.vn/en/Pages/tinbai.aspx?idTin=35921idcm=122Shira, D. (2015). Restrictions of Foreign Direct Investment on Vietnam. Retrievedhttp//www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/restrictions-foreign-direct-investment-vietnam.html/Sweden and Vietnam Boost BUsiness and Investment Cooperation (2016). Retrievedhttps//nsnbc.me/2016/10/08/sweden-vietnam-boost-business-and-investment-cooperationU.S. Department of State (2014). Retrievedhttps//www.state.gov/documents/organization/229305. pdfVietnams FDI Outlook for 2016 Trends and Opportunities. Retrievedhttp//www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/vietnamese-fdi-2016-outlook.html/Vinkenborg, M. (2017). Vietnam in 2017 Spotting opportunities for FDI. Retrievedhttp//www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/vietnam-2017-spotting-opportunities-fdi.html/http//www.eightyquartier.com/hm-announces-first-store-in-vietnam/Ministry of planning and Investment of Vietnam, 2017 Retrievedhttp//www.mpi.gov.vn/en/Pages/tinbai.aspx?idTin=35921idcm=122VN Express Vietnams rapidly growing retail Industry, 2016 Retrievedhttp//e.vnexpress.net/news/business/vietnam-s-rapidly-growing-retail-industry-partially-offsets-economic-slowdown-3448240.htmlVN Express Retail market share,2016 Retrievedhttp//e.vnexpress.net/news/business/markets/foreign-invasion-threatens-domestic-retail-market-share-3406399.htmlRestrictions on Foreign Direct Investment in Vietnam, 2015 Retrievedhttp//www.vietnam-briefing.com/news/restrictions-foreign-direct-investment-vietnam.html/

Strategies for Nation Building

Strategies for realm BuildingCHAPTER THREEINTRODUCTION2.1 Defining raceThe term ground is hard to define. Therefore several(a) scholars have come up with different definitions of the term nation. Karlsson (2009) sees a nation as a birthmark. A nation push aside be described as an idea searching for a reality which a minority often violently forced upon a majority with standardization as a final stage and with an iron glove as an instrument to eradicate previous diversity. Nations are constructed and invented.Nation is defined as mobilizing ideology in force that is used to concientise the mass against any kind of oppression or resistance that might be seen as opposing feature. The order of precedence of the factors that characterize a nation has of each(prenominal) time been a subject to discussion ranging from mutual traditions and collective policy-making awareness, common antecedents, affiliation to a tribe or battalion, joint territory, customs and language, culture and religion. The inhabitants of a rural are a nation despite their different languages and cultures.Karl Proper, the philosopher, stated at the Second World War that it has been said that a race is a collection of people who are united by their origin and by a common misconception ab erupt their antecedents. Karlsson compares this to a nation as he states that a nation is a collection of people united by a common misconception about their history.Thus, nations are not eternally defined entities, but they are in fact created. Nationalism invents nations where they do not exist Anderson (1990), Smith (1990) and Ndlovu-Gatsheni (2007) are of the view that a nation is an imagined community where members share the identical history and envision reality in the same way. It is synonymous with self determination for those who have the good fortune to live in a orderliness which has its own history, language, culture and religion but it substructure also be xenophobic, intolerant, aggress ive, hegemonic and authotarian, lacking the will and ability to allow others what the nation claims for.Renan (1882) was concerned in that nation affinity was not a question of race, religion place of birth, but instead was a matter of daily referendum. A nation is based on all individuals having something in common. A nation is a spiritual principle with its origins in the deep complexity of history, an intellectual family not only by sacrifices ane has made and those that one is disposed to make again. It supposes a past it renews itself particularly in the present by a tangible deed, the approval, the desire, clearly expressed to take place the daily life. The existence of a nation is a referendum.Nationalism can be defined as the shape of individuality making can be best understood in the words of Reicher and Hopkins. This understanding of interior(a)ism is further amplified by a British Labor politician who likened studyism to electricity that can be used for good and b ad purposes. He continued that it can electrocute someone in the electric chair or it can hot pants and light the world adding thatNationalism can be exhilarating revolutionary force for progress but we only have to open our newspapers today to areas where nationalism becomes in the wrong hands. A primeval force of darkness and reaction I can say originally, we ought to utilize the potential revolutionary force of nationalism by our readership to ensure that the dark side does not emergeNationalism can be manipulated to serve one interests. Hence this nationalism can be hegemonies as the elites can influence nationalism for their own good and suppress the lower class in the process.2.1 Defining nation buildNation make is a highly complex term that means different things to different people. Nation building is evolutionary as it takes time and is a social process that cannot be achieved from outside. The notion of nation is used in a different way. It can be used not to challenge the existing territorial and political order, but to create a sense of national unity for a given polity. This sort of work is often called nation b building.Zolberg (1967461) notes that nation building takes predominance over all tasks including economic phylogenesis. This implies that nation building involves the political development, social development and economical development in a nation. In the African context, Young (2004) noted how innumerable rituals of state drummed the national idea into the public consciousness national holidays, national anthems, and daily flag raising ceremonies at all administrative headquarters. In a dozen banal ways, the nation was subliminally communicated through its ubiquitous flag, its currency, its postage stamps, its identity cards. Soon after independence African states created their national holidays, national anthems, changed their country names from colonial names and had their own currency. In way this helped to build nation as everyth ing had to be nationalized to suit the African society.Nation building is whereby a society with diverse origins, cultures, histories, languages and religion come together within the boundaries of a sovereign state with a unified constitutional and sanctioned dispensation, a national public education system an integrated national economy, shared symbols and values, as equals, to work towards eradicating the divisions and injustices of the past, to foster unity and promote a country wide consciousness of proudly Africans promoted to the country and open to the continent and the world.Nation building by www.usip.org is not just about the physical construction aid provision or material wealth. It is also about using the countrys shared customs to prevent further escalation of conflict as well up as upholding values, customs, traditional practices that can be enshrined in national identity. In other words, a nation is not the sum of material possessions. Rather people are the most im portant asserts that, they are the nation and how each citizen behaves becomes the reflection of nations characters. The best way for the nation to hold itself to its own standards is to con the youngest citizens to remind everyone of whom they are as people.The following section will be looking at the processes of nation building with relation to print media.3.2 Process of nation building3.2.1 SportsSport is an aspect of nation building. Riordan stresses that it is overt that sport in many societies is a serious business with serious functions to perform. It is accordingly, state controlled, encouraged and make by specific Unitarian and ideological designs. It is by no means a matter of fun and games. Riordan further points out that in Africa, Asia and Latin America, sports development is closely associated with hygiene, health, defence, patriotism, desegregation, productivity, international recognition, even cultural, identity and nation building. Sport therefore has a role of being an agent of social change with the state as the pilot.During the twentieth century nearly sixty new states have been established. Houlihan states that many of these new states were faced with the acute problem of establishing a sense of national identity. For designer colonies it meant that they were the enemies of the newly independent nations. Maguire argues sport could form one of the significant arenas by which nations become more real. Particular sports came to symbolize the nation. The close bind of sport with national identification arenas by which nations become more real. Particular sports come to symbolize the nation.Sport can forge and reinforce community or national identities. It can foster also unity among societies. In particular attention to Zimbabwe, every year during the independence celebrations there is the uhuru cup whereby local soccer teams contest for the cup. association football is used to foster unity among a nation. In celebrating Independence Day , sports are used for entertainment and also fostering unity.With the regard to the use of sports for nation building, Houlihan points out that modern state want not only national unity and distinctiveness but also an international stage on which to project that identity utilizing an increasing common array of cultural symbols to demonstrate their individuality. In cases like Olympics when one individual is victorious in any of the games, the national anthem is strain and the flag is raised. Success in sports events and particularly by the hosting of sports events provides a benign and uncritical backdrop of the parade of national achievement (Dauncey and Hare 1993). They go on to point that the victory of France in the 1998, football World Cup save a great opportunity to demonstrate public services, values, successful French integration and traditional French values in the international arena.

The Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples of nineteenth Es

The Signalman and the Red direction are well cognise examples of nineteenth century ghost stories. Write a fine comparison of these two stories.A critical comparison of The Signalman and the Red populate which arewell known examples of nineteenth century ghost storiesThe Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples ofnineteenth century ghost stories. Write a critical comparison of thesetwo stories.The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G.Wells are both(prenominal) well known examples of pre-twentieth century ghost stories andare based on the supernatural. Both these tales create suspense andtension in the atmosphere around the quite a little in the story. The storiesare set in first person and we are given the thoughts and feelings ofthe narrator.The pace of The Signalman is a slow whizz the reader isnt given the legal opinion that it is a ghost story but it unravels as the story goeson this slowly builds up suspense.The atmosphere at the low of The Signa lman is an eerie one. It isa deep, moderate cutting with a dark tunnel described as ... The Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples of nineteenth EsThe Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples of nineteenth century ghost stories. Write a critical comparison of these two stories.A critical comparison of The Signalman and the Red Room which arewell known examples of nineteenth century ghost storiesThe Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples ofnineteenth century ghost stories. Write a critical comparison of thesetwo stories.The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G.Wells areboth well known examples of pre-twentieth century ghost stories andare based on the supernatural. Both these tales create suspense andtension in the atmosphere around the people in the story. The storiesare set in first person and we are given the thoughts and feelings ofthe narrator.The pace of The Signalman is a slow one the reader isnt given theimpres sion that it is a ghost story but it unravels as the story goeson this slowly builds up suspense.The atmosphere at the start of The Signalman is an eerie one. It isa deep, damp cutting with a dark tunnel described as ...

Obe: The Restructuring Of American Society. :: essays research papers

OBE The Restructuring Of the Statesn Society.     There has been a concern for some time throughout America regarding thequality of public education. Students are graduating from highschool withoutadequate knowledge of the three Rs. Universities are recruiting a multitude ofincompetent pseudo-scholars. Employers dont understand why the new genesisof workers do not possess the basic skills to perform the job. It would appearthat Ameri washbowl students are not learning as much as their parents did. And yet,teachers are quieten teaching, taxes are still being paid, and more funds thanever are being appropriated for public education. Whats going on in Americasclassrooms?     Up until the 1980s most schools utilize a standards based curriculum. Inthe traditional classroom setting, educators focused on the input side ofeducation, teaching a specialized body of knowledge. Students were graded againstpredefined standards and passed or failed base d on their ability to meet thosestandards. This method of teaching produced a graduate with a well roundededucation, and prepared him for further development of career skills. With theexception of those who did not apply themselves, the system worked.     Today Americas educators take a new approach in the classroom. Thefocus of education has moved to measuring what students can do, rather than whatthey understand. This is the core principle of Outcomes Based Education (OBE).An outcome, by definition, is something that follows as a leave alone or consequence.So OBE then, is an approach to education where the end result is the mostimportant factor. This is very important in understanding what OBE is, and whatit intends to do. In the OBE classroom, every aspect of the curriculum is gearedtoward achieving a small group of specific goals. To gain an insight into OBE,it is necessary to learn something about its origins and those promoting it.B. F. Skinner, a psychol ogist and learning theorist, developed thetechniques of learning (operant conditioning) based on conditioning phenomenafirst analyzed scientifically by Pavlov. Skinner called his technique his"teaching machine." Skinner thus developed the principles on which "Mastery larn" was developed by Benjamin Bloom.Mastery Learning was the original name for the process known today asOutcome Based Education, also known as Performance Based Education, orRestructuring. educational theories used in OBE are based on Benjamin BloomsTaxonomy of Educational Objectives. A curriculum, according to Bloom, "...may bethought of as a plan for changing student behavior." (p 14 of Ron Sunseris bookOBE Understanding the Truth about Education Reform, Questar Publishers, P.O.Box 1720, Sisters, OR 97759) Bloom called it "Mastery Learning." Techniques forhis new style of education, based on Skinnerian behavioral psychology, focus on